Notes on a Cleanup of Blue Star Spring

Mike Keller

Abstract: An October 1993 attempt to clean out Blue Star Spring was imminently successtul -- vastly more kinds and qunatities of trash were retreived than had been anticipated. This short paper reports on this treasure.

Plume Geyser: History and Recent Changes

Ralph C. Taylor

Abstract: Plume Geyser has a history of pel1ods of consistent activity punctuated by significant changes In behavior. Plume underwent such a change in function during 1992 and 1993. A noticeable diurnal variation In Interval became evident In 1992. An 84-hour continuous study of Plume Geyser In early August by the author and other GOSA members revealed a less pronounced diurnal cycle than had been detected earlier In 1992. Observations of Plume Geyser In September. 1992 noted a return to the level of diurnal variatlon noted In July 1992.

In late 1992 Plume began to have longer Intervals which developed into long dormant periods In early 1993. In the spring of 1993. apparently triggered by an eruption of Giantess Geyser. Plume resumed activity .but with pronounced changes In Its eruptions. Both long-term temperature monitor studies and Visual observations confirm the changes from 1992 and earlier years.

Goggles Spring and North Goggles Geyser, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park- A Comparison Between Eruptive Episodes in 1985 and 1993.

T. Scott Bryan

Abstract: Goggles Spring and North Goggles Geyser are normally minor members of the Lion Group of geysers. North Goggles has undergone occasional brief episodes of major geyser activity, however, and in 1985 that action was joined by Goggles Spring. The eruptions in other years, such as 1993, have mostly been of a minor character. The differences between these two modes of activity are revealed in this paper .

History of the Round Spring Group

Rocco Paperiello

Abstract: The following is a brief history of the Round Spring Group with an emphasis on geyser activity. It is hopeful that this record will clear up some historical facts concerning this group of springs.

Daisy Geyser: Possible causes of variation in activity

Gordon R. Bower

Abstract: Daisy Geyser has been one of the most frequent and regular major geysers in Yellowstone since its recovery from dormancy in the early 1970s. In the past few years, it has become increasingly irregular. Possible effects of seismic phenomena, other thermal activity, and weather conditions upon Daisy are discussed. A new model of how Daisy is affected by wind and a revised set of necessary and sufficient conditions for an eruption to occur are proposed.

Grotto Fountain Geyser- Grotto's "Indicator"

Rocco Paperiello

Abstract: Grotto Fountain Geyser's present activity is apparently not typical for much of its history. This paper chronicles its not well known early history, and its succession of names. A short sketch of related thermal features is also included.

Activity in the Fountain Geyser Complex, Lower Geyser Basin, During 1991- A Series

Fountain Geyser
Jet Geyser
UNNG-FTN-2 ("Super Frying Pan")
Twig Geyser
"Bearclaw Geyser" ('Twig's Satellite Vents")
Spasm Geyser
Clepsydra Geyser

Lynn Stephens

Fountain Geyser

Lynn Stephens

Abstract: During June and July 1991, Fountain generally erupted from a nonover-flowing pool with intervals of 7.5 hours and durations of 40 minutes. However, a short time prior to Morning's activity on July 4-5 and in August, Fountain's intervals increased in length and variability, showing a second type of behavior. A third type of behavior occurred on July 4 and 5, and August 9, 28, and 29 when Fountain erupted in concert with Morning Geyser. These concerted eruptions were not earthquake induced. Instead, they seemed to be an aboveground manifestation of an underground exchange of function between Fountain and Morning where the energy was balanced between the two. Following the August 9 concerted eruption, the energy shifted completely to Morning, as evidenced by Morning's solo eruptions and Fountain's dormancy for August 10 through 27. Fountain's behavior from August 29 through early September demonstrated a fourth type of activity in 1991. This paper presents an analysis of Fountain Geyser's activity from late May through early September 1991.

Jet Geyser

Lynn Stephens

Abstract: The exchange of function between Fountain and Morning in 1991 affected Jet's cycle. Regardless of whether Fountain or Morning was active, UNNG-FTN- 2 demonstrated control over Jet's cycle. The exchange of function also significantly affected Jet's durations. Both variability and length of durations increased when Morning was active. This paper describes Jet's behavior patterns during 1991.

UNNG-FTN-2 ("Super Frying Pan")

Lynn Stephens

Abstract: This paper describes UNNG- FTN-2's activity from July 22 -August 31, 1991. UNNG-FTN-2's average interval and duration increased when the Fountain Com- plex switched from Fountain function to Morning function. The exchange of energy also weakened UNNG-FTN-2's control over Jet.

Twig Geyser

Lynn Stephens

Abstract: During 1991, Twig Geyser erupted at irregular intervals ranging from 7 to 40 hours. Twig's durations ranged from 50 minutes to over 5 hours. Some of the irregularity in both intervals and durations was associated with exchanges of function between Fountain and Morning. This paper describes Twig's activity during 1991 and discusses the changes in Twig's behavior that took place when the Fountain Complex switched from Fountain function to Morning function.

"Bearclaw Geyser" ('Twig's Satellite Vents")

Lynn Stephens

Abstract: This paper describes the behavior patterns exhibited by Twig's Satellite Vents during the summer of 1991. Twig's Satellite Vents showed three adjustments to the exchange of function in the Fountain Complex that occurred on August 9. No evidence of connections with Twig was seen in 1991.

Spasm Geyser

Lynn Stephens

Abstract: During 1991 Spasm's eruptions consisted of boiling and bursting activity a maximum of 1 meter above ground, with most bursts being 30 to 50 cm above ground level. All observed eruptions of Spasm started with muddy water, which turned clear 5-15 minutes into the eruption. Spasm's intervals and durations changed when the Fountain complex switched from Fountain function to Morning function. Regardless of which major geyser in the Fountain Complex was active, Spasm's intervals closely corresponded with the intervals of that major geyser. This paper describes Spasm's behavior during the summer of 1991, and contains some speculations about causes for that behavior and underground connections among Spasm Fountain and Morning.

Clepsydra Geyser

Lynn Stephens

Abstract: During the summer of 1991, Clepsydra Geyser was in almost constant eruption, with the exceptions of pauses after Fountain's eruptions and occasional pauses between eruptions of Morning. This paper describes observations of Clepsydra's activity during the summer of 1991.

The Kaleidoscope Group, Lower Geyser Basin, YellowstQne National Park: Activity from 1989 through 1991

Mike Keller

Abstract: Next to the Porcelain Basin portion of the Norris Geyser Basin, the Kaleidoscope Group might be Yellowstone's most volatile thermal group. Numerous hydrothermal explosion craters can be found in the area. When the group is undergoing one of its "energy surges", any hole is capable of displaying major eruptions. During the spring of 1988 and the early summer of 1991, the complex experienced such surges. This paper discusses the activity of the group during and after each surge.

Column Spouter as a True Geyser - A Completely Quiet Interval and Bursting Eruption in July, 1992

T. Scott Bryan

Abstract: Column Spouter proved itself to be a true geyser during July 1992, when it was observed to undergo an extended period of inactivity. This cycle is described.

Veteran Geyser, Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park 1991-1992

Ralph C. Taylor

Abstract: This report describes Veteran Geyser, located in the Back Basin portion of Norris Geyser Basin. The report describes the geyser's formation, describes and classifies the types of activity, and describes the activity observed on six days of intensive observation in 1991 and 1992.

The Geysers of lce1and - A Summary from November 1993

Mike Keller

Abstract: Without any pretense of descriptions or interpretations on the basis of only brief observations, active geysers were seen in each of eight Icelandic thermal areas during November 1993. This table presents these basic findings.

Geyser Activity at Nakama Springs, Savusavu, Vanua Levu, Fiji - Historic and Modem Observations

T. Scott Bryan

Abstract: The historic nature of geyser activity among the Nakama Springs at Savusavu, Fiji has been revealed by a review of published literature and several personal communications. In summary, intermittent boiling and small-scale geyser action have been observed on numerous occasions over the past 150+ years, but geysers of large size were seen only during one brief episode during 1878.

The Geysers of New Zealand - A summary

T. Scott Bryan

Abstract: The thermal areas on the North Island of New Zealand were visited between June 4 and 10, 1993. The following is a summary of the observations.